使用Block实现KVO

在iOS开发中,我们可以通过KVO机制来监听某个对象的某个属性的变化。

用过KVO的同学都应该知道,KVO的回调是以代理的形式实现的:在给某个对象添加观察以后,需要在另外一个地方实现回调代理方法。这种设计给人感觉比较分散,因此突然想试试用Block来实现KVO,将添加观察的代码和回调处理的代码写在一起。在学习了ImplementKVO的实现以后,自己也写了一个:SJKVOController

使用Block来实现KVO

SJKVOController的用法

只需要引入NSObject+SJKVOController.h头文件就可以使用SJKVOController。
先看一下它的头文件:

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#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "SJKVOHeader.h"

@interface NSObject (SJKVOController)


//============== add observer ===============//
- (void)sj_addObserver:(NSObject *)observer forKeys:(NSArray <NSString *>*)keys withBlock:(SJKVOBlock)block;
- (void)sj_addObserver:(NSObject *)observer forKey:(NSString *)key withBlock:(SJKVOBlock)block;


//============= remove observer =============//
- (void)sj_removeObserver:(NSObject *)observer forKeys:(NSArray <NSString *>*)keys;
- (void)sj_removeObserver:(NSObject *)observer forKey:(NSString *)key;
- (void)sj_removeObserver:(NSObject *)observer;
- (void)sj_removeAllObservers;


//============= list observers ===============//
- (void)sj_listAllObservers;

@end

从上面的API可以看出,这个小轮子:

  1. 支持一次观察同一对象的多个属性。
  2. 可以一次只观察一个对象的一个属性。
  3. 可以移除对某个对象对多个属性的观察。
  4. 可以移除对某个对象对某个属性的观察。
  5. 可以移除某个观察自己的对象。
  6. 可以移除所有观察自己的对象。
  7. 打印出所有观察自己的对象的信息,包括对象本身,观察的属性,setter方法。

下面来结合Demo讲解一下如何使用这个小轮子:

在点击上面两个按钮中的任意一个,增加观察:

一次性添加:

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- (IBAction)addObserversTogether:(UIButton *)sender {

NSArray *keys = @[@"number",@"color"];

[self.model sj_addObserver:self forKeys:keys withBlock:^(id observedObject, NSString *key, id oldValue, id newValue) {

if ([key isEqualToString:@"number"]) {

dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
self.numberLabel.text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@",newValue];
});

}else if ([key isEqualToString:@"color"]){

dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
self.numberLabel.backgroundColor = newValue;
});
}

}];
}

分两次添加:

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- (IBAction)addObserverSeparatedly:(UIButton *)sender {

[self.model sj_addObserver:self forKey:@"number" withBlock:^(id observedObject, NSString *key, id oldValue, id newValue) {

dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
self.numberLabel.text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@",newValue];
});

}];

[self.model sj_addObserver:self forKey:@"color" withBlock:^(id observedObject, NSString *key, id oldValue, id newValue) {

dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
self.numberLabel.backgroundColor = newValue;
});

}];

}

添加以后,点击最下面的按钮来显示所有的观察信息:

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- (IBAction)showAllObservingItems:(UIButton *)sender {

[self.model sj_listAllObservers];
}

输出:

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SJKVOController[80499:4242749] SJKVOLog:==================== Start Listing All Observers: ==================== 
SJKVOController[80499:4242749] SJKVOLog:observer item:{observer: <ViewController: 0x7fa1577054f0> | key: color | setter: setColor:}
SJKVOController[80499:4242749] SJKVOLog:observer item:{observer: <ViewController: 0x7fa1577054f0> | key: number | setter: setNumber:}

在这里我重写了description方法,打印出了每个观察的对象和key,以及setter方法。

现在点击更新按钮,则会更新model的number和color属性,从而触发KVO:

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- (IBAction)updateNumber:(UIButton *)sender {

//trigger KVO : number
NSInteger newNumber = arc4random() % 100;
self.model.number = [NSNumber numberWithInteger:newNumber];

//trigger KVO : color
NSArray *colors = @[[UIColor redColor],[UIColor yellowColor],[UIColor blueColor],[UIColor greenColor]];
NSInteger colorIndex = arc4random() % 3;
self.model.color = colors[colorIndex];
}

我们可以看到中间的Label上面显示的数字和背景色都在变化,成功实现了KVO:

同时观察颜色和数字的变化

现在我们移除观察,点击remove按钮

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- (IBAction)removeAllObservingItems:(UIButton *)sender {
[self.model sj_removeAllObservers];
}

在移除了所有的观察者以后,则会打印出:

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SJKVOController[80499:4242749] SJKVOLog:Removed all obserbing objects of object:<Model: 0x60000003b700>

而且如果在这个时候打印观察者list,则会输出:

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SJKVOController[80499:4242749] SJKVOLog:There is no observers obserbing object:<Model: 0x60000003b700>

需要注意的是,这里的移除可以有多种选择:可以移某个对象的某个key,也可以移除某个对象的几个keys,为了验证,我们可以结合list方法来验证一下移除是否成功:

验证1:在添加number和color的观察后,移除nunber的观察:

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- (IBAction)removeAllObservingItems:(UIButton *)sender {
[self.model sj_removeObserver:self forKey:@"number"];
}

在移除以后,我们调用list方法,输出:

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SJKVOController[80850:4278383] SJKVOLog:==================== Start Listing All Observers: ====================
SJKVOController[80850:4278383] SJKVOLog:observer item:{observer: <ViewController: 0x7ffeec408560> | key: color | setter: setColor:}

现在只有color属性被观察了。看一下实际的效果:

只观察颜色的变化

我们可以看到,现在只有color在变,而数字没有变化了,验证此移除方法正确。

验证2:在添加number和color的观察后,移除nunber和color的观察:

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- (IBAction)removeAllObservingItems:(UIButton *)sender {

[self.model sj_removeObserver:self forKeys:@[@"number",@"color"]];
}

在移除以后,我们调用list方法,输出:

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SJKVOController[80901:4283311] SJKVOLog:There is no observers obserbing object:<Model: 0x600000220fa0>

现在color和number属性都不被观察了。看一下实际的效果:

颜色和数字的变化都不再被观察

我们可以看到,现在color和number都不变了,验证此移除方法正确。

OK,现在知道了怎么用SJKVOController,我下面给大家看一下代码:

SJKVOController代码解析

先大致讲解一下SJKVOController的实现思路:

  1. 为了减少侵入性,SJKVOController被设计为NSObject的一个分类。
  2. SJKVOController仿照了KVO的实现思路,在添加观察以后在运行时动态生成当前类的子类,给这个子类添加被观察的属性的set方法并使用isa swizzle的方式将当前对象转换为当前类的子类的实现。
  3. 同时,这个子类还使用了关联对象来保存一个“观察项”的set,每一个观察项封装了一次观察的行为(有去重机制):包括观察自己的对象,自己被观察的属性,以及传进来的block。
  4. 在当前类,也就是子类的set方法被调用的时候做三件事情:
    • 第一件事情是使用KVC来找出当前属性的旧值。
    • 第二件事情是调用父类(原来的类)的set方法(设新值)。
    • 第三件事是根据当前的观察对象和key,在观察项set里面找出对应的block并调用。

再来看一下这个小轮子的几个类:

  • SJKVOController:实现KVO主要功能的类。
  • SJKVOObserverItem:封装观察项的类。
  • SJKVOTool:setter和getter的相互转换和相关运行时查询方法等。
  • SJKVOError:封装错误类型。
  • SJKVOHeader:引用了运行时的头文件。

下面开始一个一个来讲解每个类的源码:

SJKVOController

再看一下头文件:

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#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "SJKVOHeader.h"

@interface NSObject (SJKVOController)

//============== add observer ===============//
- (void)sj_addObserver:(NSObject *)observer forKeys:(NSArray <NSString *>*)keys withBlock:(SJKVOBlock)block;
- (void)sj_addObserver:(NSObject *)observer forKey:(NSString *)key withBlock:(SJKVOBlock)block;


//============= remove observer =============//
- (void)sj_removeObserver:(NSObject *)observer forKeys:(NSArray <NSString *>*)keys;
- (void)sj_removeObserver:(NSObject *)observer forKey:(NSString *)key;
- (void)sj_removeObserver:(NSObject *)observer;
- (void)sj_removeAllObservers;

//============= list observers ===============//
- (void)sj_listAllObservers;

@end

每个方法的意思相信读者已经能看懂了,现在讲一下具体的实现。从sj_addObserver:forKey withBlock:开始:

sj_addObserver:forKey withBlock:方法:

除去一些错误的判断,该方法作了下面几件事情:

1.判断当前被观察的类是否存在与传入key对应的setter方法:

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SEL setterSelector = NSSelectorFromString([SJKVOTool setterFromGetter:key]);
Method setterMethod = [SJKVOTool objc_methodFromClass:[self class] selector:setterSelector];
//error: no corresponding setter mothod
if (!setterMethod) {
SJLog(@"%@",[SJKVOError errorNoMatchingSetterForKey:key]);
return;
}

2. 如果有,判断当前被观察到类是否已经是KVO类(在KVO机制中,如果某个对象一旦被观察,则这个对象就变成了带有包含KVO前缀的类的实例)。如果已经是KVO类,则将当前实例的isa指针指向其父类(最开始被观察的类):

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//get original class(current class,may be KVO class)
NSString *originalClassName = NSStringFromClass(OriginalClass);

//如果当前的类是带有KVO前缀的类(也就是已经被观察到类),则需要将KVO前缀的类删除,并讲
if ([originalClassName hasPrefix:SJKVOClassPrefix]) {
//now,the OriginalClass is KVO class, we should destroy it and make new one
Class CurrentKVOClass = OriginalClass;
object_setClass(self, class_getSuperclass(OriginalClass));
objc_disposeClassPair(CurrentKVOClass);
originalClassName = [originalClassName substringFromIndex:(SJKVOClassPrefix.length)];
}

3. 如果不是KVO类(说明当前实例没有被观察),则创建一个带有KVO前缀的类,并将当前实例的isa指针指向这个新建的类:

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//create a KVO class
Class KVOClass = [self createKVOClassFromOriginalClassName:originalClassName];

//swizzle isa from self to KVO class
object_setClass(self, KVOClass);

看一下如何新建一个新的类:

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- (Class)createKVOClassFromOriginalClassName:(NSString *)originalClassName
{
NSString *kvoClassName = [SJKVOClassPrefix stringByAppendingString:originalClassName];
Class KVOClass = NSClassFromString(kvoClassName);

// KVO class already exists
if (KVOClass) {
return KVOClass;
}

// if there is no KVO class, then create one
KVOClass = objc_allocateClassPair(OriginalClass, kvoClassName.UTF8String, 0);//OriginalClass is super class

// pretending to be the original class:return the super class in class method
Method clazzMethod = class_getInstanceMethod(OriginalClass, @selector(class));
class_addMethod(KVOClass, @selector(class), (IMP)return_original_class, method_getTypeEncoding(clazzMethod));

// finally, register this new KVO class
objc_registerClassPair(KVOClass);

return KVOClass;
}

4. 查看观察项set,如果这个set里面有已经保存的观察项,则需要新建一个空的观察项set,将已经保存的观察项放入这个新建的set里面:

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//if we already have some history observer items, we should add them into new KVO class
NSMutableSet* observers = objc_getAssociatedObject(self, &SJKVOObservers);
if (observers.count > 0) {

NSMutableSet *newObservers = [[NSMutableSet alloc] initWithCapacity:5];
objc_setAssociatedObject(self, &SJKVOObservers, newObservers, OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN_NONATOMIC);

for (SJKVOObserverItem *item in observers) {
[self KVOConfigurationWithObserver:item.observer key:item.key block:item.block kvoClass:KVOClass setterSelector:item.setterSelector setterMethod:setterMethod];
}
}

看一下如何保存观察项的:

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- (void)KVOConfigurationWithObserver:(NSObject *)observer key:(NSString *)key block:(SJKVOBlock)block kvoClass:(Class)kvoClass setterSelector:(SEL)setterSelector setterMethod:(Method)setterMethod
{
//add setter method in KVO Class
if(![SJKVOTool detectClass:OriginalClass hasSelector:setterSelector]){
class_addMethod(kvoClass, setterSelector, (IMP)kvo_setter_implementation, method_getTypeEncoding(setterMethod));
}

//add item of this observer&&key pair
[self addObserverItem:observer key:key setterSelector:setterSelector setterMethod:setterMethod block:block];
}

这里首先给KVO类增加了setter方法:

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//implementation of KVO setter method
void kvo_setter_implementation(id self, SEL _cmd, id newValue)
{

NSString *setterName = NSStringFromSelector(_cmd);
NSString *getterName = [SJKVOTool getterFromSetter:setterName];


if (!getterName) {
SJLog(@"%@",[SJKVOError errorTransferSetterToGetterFaildedWithSetterName:setterName]);
return;
}

// create a super class of a specific instance
Class superclass = class_getSuperclass(OriginalClass);

struct objc_super superclass_to_call = {
.super_class = superclass, //super class
.receiver = self, //insatance of this class
};

// cast method pointer
void (*objc_msgSendSuperCasted)(void *, SEL, id) = (void *)objc_msgSendSuper;

// call super's setter, the supper is the original class
objc_msgSendSuperCasted(&superclass_to_call, _cmd, newValue);

// look up observers and call the blocks
NSMutableSet *observers = objc_getAssociatedObject(self,&SJKVOObservers);

if (observers.count <= 0) {
SJLog(@"%@",[SJKVOError errorNoObserverOfObject:self]);
return;
}

//get the old value
id oldValue = [self valueForKey:getterName];

for (SJKVOObserverItem *item in observers) {
if ([item.key isEqualToString:getterName]) {
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0), ^{
//call block
item.block(self, getterName, oldValue, newValue);
});
}
}
}

然后实例化对应的观察项:

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- (void)addObserverItem:(NSObject *)observer
key:(NSString *)key
setterSelector:(SEL)setterSelector
setterMethod:(Method)setterMethod
block:(SJKVOBlock)block
{

NSMutableSet *observers = objc_getAssociatedObject(self, &SJKVOObservers);
if (!observers) {
observers = [[NSMutableSet alloc] initWithCapacity:10];
objc_setAssociatedObject(self, &SJKVOObservers, observers, OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN_NONATOMIC);
}

SJKVOObserverItem *item = [[SJKVOObserverItem alloc] initWithObserver:observer Key:key setterSelector:setterSelector setterMethod:setterMethod block:block];

if (item) {
[observers addObject:item];
}

}

5. 判断新的观察是否会与已经保存的观察项重复(当观察对象和key一致的时候),如果重复,则不添加新的观察:

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/ /ignore same observer and key:if the observer and key are same with saved observerItem,we should not add them one more time
BOOL findSameObserverAndKey = NO;
if (observers.count>0) {
for (SJKVOObserverItem *item in observers) {
if ( (item.observer == observer) && [item.key isEqualToString:key]) {
findSameObserverAndKey = YES;
}
}
}

if (!findSameObserverAndKey) {
[self KVOConfigurationWithObserver:observer key:key block:block kvoClass:KVOClass setterSelector:setterSelector setterMethod:setterMethod];
}

而一次性添加多个key的方法,也只是调用多次一次性添加单个key的方法罢了:

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- (void)sj_addObserver:(NSObject *)observer
forKeys:(NSArray <NSString *>*)keys
withBlock:(SJKVOBlock)block
{
//error: keys array is nil or no elements
if (keys.count == 0) {
SJLog(@"%@",[SJKVOError errorInvalidInputObservingKeys]);
return;
}

//one key corresponding to one specific item, not the observer
[keys enumerateObjectsUsingBlock:^(NSString * key, NSUInteger idx, BOOL * _Nonnull stop) {
[self sj_addObserver:observer forKey:key withBlock:block];
}];
}

关于移除观察的实现,只是在观察项set里面找出封装了对应的观察对象和key的观察项就可以了:

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- (void)sj_removeObserver:(NSObject *)observer
forKey:(NSString *)key
{
NSMutableSet* observers = objc_getAssociatedObject(self, &SJKVOObservers);

if (observers.count > 0) {

SJKVOObserverItem *removingItem = nil;
for (SJKVOObserverItem* item in observers) {
if (item.observer == observer && [item.key isEqualToString:key]) {
removingItem = item;
break;
}
}
if (removingItem) {
[observers removeObject:removingItem];
}

}
}

再看一下移除所有观察者:

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- (void)sj_removeAllObservers
{
NSMutableSet* observers = objc_getAssociatedObject(self, &SJKVOObservers);

if (observers.count > 0) {
[observers removeAllObjects];
SJLog(@"SJKVOLog:Removed all obserbing objects of object:%@",self);

}else{
SJLog(@"SJKVOLog:There is no observers obserbing object:%@",self);
}
}

SJKVOObserverItem

这个类负责封装每一个观察项的信息,包括:

  • 观察者对象。
  • 被观察的key。
  • setter方法名(SEL)
  • setter方法(Method)
  • 回调的block

需要注意的是:
在这个小轮子里,对于同一个对象可以观察不同的key的情况,是将这两个key区分开来的,是属于不同的观察项。所以应该用不同的SJKVOObserverItem实例来封装。

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#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import <objc/runtime.h>

typedef void(^SJKVOBlock)(id observedObject, NSString *key, id oldValue, id newValue);

@interface SJKVOObserverItem : NSObject

@property (nonatomic, strong) NSObject *observer;
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *key;
@property (nonatomic, assign) SEL setterSelector;
@property (nonatomic, assign) Method setterMethod;
@property (nonatomic, copy) SJKVOBlock block;

- (instancetype)initWithObserver:(NSObject *)observer Key:(NSString *)key setterSelector:(SEL)setterSelector setterMethod:(Method)setterMethod block:(SJKVOBlock)block;

@end

SJKVOTool

这个类负责setter方法与getter方法相互转换,以及和运行时相关的操作,服务于SJKVOController。看一下它的头文件:

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#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import <objc/runtime.h>
#import <objc/message.h>

@interface SJKVOTool : NSObject

//setter <-> getter
+ (NSString *)getterFromSetter:(NSString *)setter;
+ (NSString *)setterFromGetter:(NSString *)getter;

//get method from a class by a specific selector
+ (Method)objc_methodFromClass:(Class)cls selector:(SEL)selector;

//check a class has a specific selector or not
+ (BOOL)detectClass:(Class)cls hasSelector:(SEL)selector;

@end

##SJKVOError

这个小轮子仿照了JSONModel的错误管理方式,用单独的一个类SJKVOError来返回各种错误:

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#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

typedef enum : NSUInteger {

SJKVOErrorTypeNoObervingObject,
SJKVOErrorTypeNoObervingKey,
SJKVOErrorTypeNoObserverOfObject,
SJKVOErrorTypeNoMatchingSetterForKey,
SJKVOErrorTypeTransferSetterToGetterFailded,
SJKVOErrorTypeInvalidInputObservingKeys,

} SJKVOErrorTypes;

@interface SJKVOError : NSError

+ (id)errorNoObervingObject;
+ (id)errorNoObervingKey;
+ (id)errorNoMatchingSetterForKey:(NSString *)key;
+ (id)errorTransferSetterToGetterFaildedWithSetterName:(NSString *)setterName;
+ (id)errorNoObserverOfObject:(id)object;
+ (id)errorInvalidInputObservingKeys;

@end

OK,这样就介绍完了,希望各位同学可以积极指正~

————————————————- 2018年7月17日更新 ————————————————-

注意注意!!!

笔者在近期开通了个人公众号,主要分享编程,读书笔记,思考类的文章。

  • 编程类文章:包括笔者以前发布的精选技术文章,以及后续发布的技术文章(以原创为主),并且逐渐脱离 iOS 的内容,将侧重点会转移到提高编程能力的方向上。
  • 读书笔记类文章:分享编程类思考类心理类职场类书籍的读书笔记。
  • 思考类文章:分享笔者平时在技术上生活上的思考。

因为公众号每天发布的消息数有限制,所以到目前为止还没有将所有过去的精选文章都发布在公众号上,后续会逐步发布的。

而且因为各大博客平台的各种限制,后面还会在公众号上发布一些短小精干,以小见大的干货文章哦~

扫下方的公众号二维码并点击关注,期待与您的共同成长~

公众号:程序员维他命

坚持原创技术分享,您的支持将鼓励我继续创作!